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Speaking and writing are known as the productive skills required to speak a language. Speech is primary. We speak to express our ideas, opinions and desires, to establish social relationships. Speaking requires a certain degree of fluency. Writing, on the other hand, demands a certain degree of accuracy. Written language can be very different from the spoken language. Both accuracy and fluency are equally important. Accuracy activities should focus on producing correct language (study phase) while fluency ones should concentrate in more creative and experimental ways to use the language (activate phase). To encourage meaningful interaction between students, speaking activities should be introduce in the classroom. These activities should be designed in such a way that students get motivation to speak. Either by drilling, prompting, use of model dialogues, guided or free role plays, these activities should offer an opportunity for the student to experiment the real-life interaction. Writing skills factors to be considered are: - Handwriting - can be developed through regular practice with the teacher’s attention to the size and shape of the letters and spacing between words; - Spelling - although incorrect spelling does not often prevent the understanding of a written message, it can be perceived as a lack of education or care. The best way to help students to improve their spelling is to motivate them to read a lot; - Layout and punctuation - Commas, full stops, quotation marks, capitalization of proper nouns, names, months; - Creative writing – students should be encouraged to write.
