Halloween Party Meaning

If some burly, impatient builder were to shout 'Slab!' at a construction site, and subsequently stare in my direction, what is my reaction to be' As his stare transforms to a glare, his eyes becoming more savage by the second, I begin to feel rather ill at ease. What meaning am I to extract from this single word statement' Am I to ponder the nature of the object just uttered' Am I to shout something equally arbitrary back in his direction' Or am I to fetch this object post-haste' As anyone familiar with the 'language-game' of a construction site might tell me: surely the latter, if I don't want to be thrown from the side of the scaffolding.The term 'language-game' was coined by the Austrian-born philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) to refer to the idioms adopted by and...  [Read more]

  Even though many people use "may" and "might" interchangeably, they actually have slightly different meanings. The word "may", for example refers to a possibility, while "might" conveys slightly more uncertainty. In the example "There are dark clouds in the sky. It may rain later", we use "may" because the dark clouds suggest the possibility of rain. The sentence "I'm sick but I might come to the party" uses "might" because it is not certain the person will go to the party. This means, you should use 'may' when there is some kind of a sign that predicts or indicates future happenings. You should use 'might' when expressing something a little more unlikely or uncertain. Below you can read feedback from an ITTT graduate regarding one section of their online TEFL certification...  [Read more]

According to Webster's Dictionary an idiom is 'an expression whose meaning cannot be predicted from the usual meaning of its constituent elements.' I also like the definition of T.C. Cooper's that 'An idiom can have a literal meaning, but its alternate, figurative meaning must be understood metaphorically.' In the last week, since choosing 'idioms' as a subject for this paper, I have been particularly aware of how many of these phrases are used in everyday speech -' 'It's a piece of cake,' 'I'm fed up!' 'It's raining cats and dogs,' 'Let sleeping dogs lie.' These are enough to make a student who has consulted an English dictionary shake his head and say, 'I can't make heads or tails of what these phrases mean,' which, of course, he cannot do until he has been taught the ...  [Read more]

The word rapport originates from the French word, rapporter, meaning to bring back and the Oxford English Dictionary definition is one of “a close and harmonious relationship in which there is common understanding”. But what is the reality of rapport and is it of any importance in the classroom' With so many teaching methods, practises, aids and testing means at a teachers disposal, do we even need to spend time considering rapport and trying to build it with students' The short answer is most definitely yes. Rapport is a key characteristic of human interaction. It is a commonality of perspective. It is about basic interaction at every level. The relationship and rapport developed between a teacher and their students is a vital ingredient in the success of any...  [Read more]

Since the meaning is an important device in teaching grammar, it is important to contextualize any grammar point. Songs are one of the most enchanting and culturally rich resources that can easily be used in language classrooms. Songs offer a change from routine classroom activities. They are precious resources to develop students' abilities in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. They can also be used to teach a variety of language items such as sentence patterns, vocabulary, pronunciation, rhythm, adjectives, and adverbs. Songs also give new insights into the target culture. They are the means through which cultural themes are presented effectively. Since they provide authentic texts, they are motivating. Prosodic features of the language such as stress,...  [Read more]

It was while attempting to wrap my brain around the meaning of the construction "must needs", which I had encountered so often in classical English Literature, that I was incidentally drawn to an inves-tigation of modals. Modals, I learned, are semantic expressions of modalities: which is to say that they are nuanced constructions designed to express the speakers point of view with regards to his subject: be it his degree of certainty regarding the truth of a proposition he is propounding, his expression of permission, obligation, or necessity implicated in a situation, or his opinion regarding someone's- or something's- ability or volition with respect to a potential.Said differently, a modality is merely a point of view, and a modal a linguistic vehicle for expressing that...  [Read more]

In today's world the term 'global' takes on an entirely new meaning. Initially termed to mean in reference to the world as a whole, as opposed to individual countries, but today, while still holding true, it also means something more. The internet, modern media, email, and even to a lesser extend telephones, have made it possible to communicate with almost every person on the planet, a thought not even considered possible one hundred years ago. People separated by thousands of miles have never been closer and it takes nothing more than a touch of a button. The French can talk to the United States of America, the Brazilian to the United Kingdom, Africa to Asia; you could probably even speak to someone studying in the Antarctic if you tried hard enough. Or at least these people ...  [Read more]

Reading is a process by which a reader gives meaning to text. The reader relies on a series of skills which they, depending on the age of the English language learner, may already possess in their native tongue. An older child or adult reader will read text knowing its purpose and meaning i.e. to give or request information, persuade, criticise, to give pleasure to or entertain. Further, they can make logical predictions as they read because of pre-existing experience or knowledge. All these skills are used by fluent readers, and as such, will be second nature to an older child or adult. A young English language learner may not have these skills or are developing them at the same time as learning a new language. This will necessitate the adoption of differing texts for reading....  [Read more]

  Let's begin our examination of parts of speech with nouns. Nouns are our naming words. They name a person or people, such as Jack, Jill, brother, Prime Minister. We have a place or places such as kitchen, Tokyo. Things or the things around us: pen, light, camera. We have our concepts and ideas: beauty, democracy. These people, things, places and concepts fall into two basic subcategories. Those subcategories are countable and uncountable. As their name suggests, the differentiation here is whether or not we can count our nouns or if we cannot count them. We have our countable nouns: dogs, pens, are two examples. The very nature of the words means that we can count these nouns one dog or 5, 10. Then, we have our uncountable nouns. The nouns that cannot be separated: music, bread....  [Read more]

  Here are some tips on completing your parts of speech worksheet. When providing examples for each part of speech, five one-word answers will suffice for almost all of them. However, we'll need to clarify this for the gerunds. This is basically due to the fact that what you've written can either be used as the main verb in a sentence, that would be the present participle, or can be used as the gerund. For example the word "playing" wouldn't be enough, as it can be used both as the verb or the gerund. So, an example sentence such as "I like playing poker." would suffice rather than simply the word "playing". Below you can read feedback from an ITTT graduate regarding one section of their online TEFL certification course. Each of our online courses is broken down into concise units...  [Read more]

  Moving down our list of parts of speech, we have our verbs. The first big difference between verbs that we need to look at is whether it's an action verb or a state verb. Our action verbs, as the name suggests, mean that we typically can see these things in action. We can see people working and we certainly see people going to various places. Now, we have our state verbs. These are basically indicating a state of being. Two examples would be "seem" and "have" or "own". We have a sentence such as "He seems angry." and "I own my house." You can't actually see the action happening, even though those words are used as verbs. A very big differentiation between the two here as well is, state verbs typically don't take the progressive or continuous form. That form is the verb "+ing". As...  [Read more]

  Moving further down our list of parts of speech, we have our adjectives. Adjectives modify or describe nouns. Basically, they give more information about the noun. Here, we've used a noun such as chair. It could be any old chair. It's only the noun. If we want to describe the noun, we need to use an adjective before it. So, I could say "I have an old black leather chair". Here, we have to be concerned about the adjective order. In this instance, I started with age, as age typically goes before color and then I use the color to go before the material. This is a certain pattern. Depending on the adjectives you want to use, you always have to use certain patterns to which you'll need to be aware of when teaching your class. Another way to describe a noun is by showing possession. We...  [Read more]

  Moving further down our list of the parts of speech, we have our prepositions. Prepositions show a relationship between a noun or a pronoun and the rest of the sentence. We have three main categories: time, place, movement as well as a miscellaneous category that doesn't fit the other three. Here, we can have prepositions of time: before, during, in, at or on. If I said, "I work at eight o'clock," I'm sharing a relationship between the time "eight o'clock" to the rest of the sentence. We have our prepositions of place: in, at, on, under, in between. If I said, "The book is under the table," I'm showing a relationship between the table and the rest of the sentence. Then, we have our prepositions of movement. These show movement: towards, from, to or through. I could say, "He...  [Read more]

  When our answers are not correct then, obviously, they need to be corrected but it is quite important that we go through a process of correction that will help students. Quite often they've made a mistake simply because of something like reading the incorrect answer out or misrepresenting what they've actually written down. So, always give the opportunity when a mistake has been made for the student to self-correct first. We can often do this in a nonverbal way to show them that they're not actually correct. We might repeat back what they've said to us in a questioning manner or we may just make a gesture to make sure that they understand that they're not correct. So, we allow for a process of self-correction. It may be that the student has actually got the answer wrong and so we...  [Read more]

Unlock a world of opportunities with our Online Part-Time TEFL Certification program from ITTT. Learn from industry experts at your own pace and convenience. Enhance your teaching skills and embark on a rewarding career in English language education with our comprehensive course. Experience flexible learning with our Online Part-Time TEFL Certification program. Study whenever and wherever you want, fitting your studies around your existing commitments. Our user-friendly platform allows you to access course materials, submit assignments, and interact with instructors seamlessly. Start your journey towards becoming a certified TEFL teacher today. Our Online Part-Time TEFL Certification course covers a wide range of topics, including lesson planning, classroom management, grammar instruction,...  [Read more]

Unlock Exciting Opportunities with Part-time ESL Teaching Positions Are you passionate about teaching and eager to explore new horizons in the field of ESL education? Look no further! ITTT (International TEFL and TESOL Training) offers a wide range of part-time ESL teaching positions that cater to your schedule and preferences. Whether you're a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in teaching English as a second language, we have the perfect opportunity waiting for you. At ITTT, we understand the importance of flexibility and work-life balance, which is why we provide part-time ESL teaching positions that allow you to create your schedule and work at your own pace. Whether you're looking to supplement your income, gain valuable teaching experience, or simply share your...  [Read more]

Advancing your career with part-time TEFL courses can be a game-changer. Whether you are looking to teach English as a foreign language abroad or online, International TEFL and TESOL Training (ITTT) offers a range of flexible options to suit your needs. With the demand for qualified English teachers on the rise, now is the perfect time to invest in your future by acquiring a TEFL certification. 1. Flexibility: Our part-time TEFL courses are designed to fit around your existing commitments, allowing you to study at your own pace and convenience. Whether you are a full-time student, a working professional, or a stay-at-home parent, our flexible course schedule enables you to balance your studies with other responsibilities. 2. Practical Training: ITTT's part-time TEFL courses provide a...  [Read more]

Unlock Your Potential with Flexible Part-Time TEFL Courses Are you looking to broaden your horizons, explore new cultures, and make a difference in the lives of others? International TEFL and TESOL Training (ITTT) offers flexible part-time TEFL courses that can help you achieve your goals. Whether you are a busy professional, a student, or a stay-at-home parent, our online courses provide the flexibility you need to study at your own pace and on your own schedule. 1. The Benefits of TEFL Courses 2. Flexible Study Options 3. Accreditation and Certification 4. Support and Resources TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) courses open up a world of opportunities for those looking to teach English abroad or online. With the demand for English language teachers on the rise worldwide,...  [Read more]

Are you looking to enhance your teaching skills and boost your career prospects in the field of English language teaching? Look no further than ITTT's part-time CELTA qualification program. This comprehensive course is designed to provide you with the knowledge and practical skills needed to excel as a language teacher in a variety of classroom settings. Whether you are a seasoned educator looking to upskill or a complete beginner in the world of teaching, our part-time CELTA program is the perfect choice for you. ITTT (International TEFL and TESOL Training) is a globally recognized leader in teacher training, with over 25 years of experience in the industry. Our part-time CELTA qualification program is accredited by Cambridge Assessment English, ensuring that you receive a high-quality...  [Read more]

  And now it's time to have a look at our first grammar unit. Grammar in its widest sense is the structure of a language. We as speakers of the language can structure our language without a problem. However, as teachers of the language we need to be able to better analyze the grammar and the grammar that exists within statements that we make. These basic parts of grammar are called parts of speech. Each part of speech has a certain function within a sentence. Our example sentence here is "My older brother lives in Tokyo." Each one of these words is a certain part of speech, which we'll have a look at in just a minute but let's just think about the words within this particular sentence. We have ?my?, indicating whose brother it is, we have "older", indicating which brother it is....  [Read more]

  And now let's look at the pronouns. Simply put, pronouns take the place of a noun. We have various types of pronouns. They are personal pronouns, which can either be subject or object. We have reflexive pronouns, relative pronouns and possessive pronouns. With our personal pronouns, we have to decide whether it's the subject or the object. The subject is the doer of an action, whereas the object is the one that receives the action. Subject pronouns are: I, you, he, she, it etc. Object pronouns are: me, you, him, her, etc. In the sentence "Greg hit Pete," the subject of the sentence is "Greg", therefore I would say "He hit Pete," or I could put a pronoun in for the object of the sentence, where "Greg hit Pete", now, I go into "Greg hit him." With our reflexive pronouns, these are...  [Read more]

  And now we'll have a look at our articles. We can divide articles into these groupings: indefinite, using a or an, definite, using the, and oftentimes referred to as the zero article, is actually the absence of an article all together. With the indefinite article, we use it in a nonspecific way. "This is a pen," it's one of many pens. When using the definite article, we use it in a specific way. "This is the pen I'm using." We also use the indefinite article when mentioning something for the first time. "I have a boy and a girl." We use the definite article when mentioning that same thing an additional time or any additional times we mention it. So "I have a boy and a girl. The boy is eight and the girl is six." With the zero article, we don't use an article at all. We use it to...  [Read more]

  Now, let's move on to our adverbs. Rather than describing nouns, our adverbs describe our verbs. There are four types of adverbs when describing verbs. They are manner. These describe how things are done. Two examples are: quickly, cleverly. We have adverbs of place, describing where the action happened. Two examples are: here or there. We also have adverbs of time, describing when the action happened, two examples being now or recently. Finally, we have our adverbs of frequency telling us how often the action happens, two examples being often or never. There's also another type of adverb but here, we're going to describe adjectives or other adverbs instead of verbs themselves. These are called adverbs of degree. If we were to take the adjective "intelligent", we could easily say...  [Read more]

  The first part of my study phase is going to be the board work and I'm going to use the information that I generated in the elicitation part of my engage phase to move on to the actual board work. What I'm going to do is to show the structure of this particular tense. So, the phase study I'm expecting to take about ten minutes on this particular part and, again, the interaction will mainly be the students talking to me. So, how am I going to achieve that with this information? Well, we could ask the students to have a look at the sentences themselves and to tell us what they can see. If we look at each of the first words in here, then at this level, I should hopefully be able to elicit from my students what each of these words have in common and they may well give an answer that...  [Read more]

Are you ready to take your teaching career to the next level? Look no further than the part-time CELTA course offered in London by ITTT (International TEFL and TESOL Training). This comprehensive program is designed for aspiring teachers who want to gain the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the field of English language teaching. With a focus on practical teaching experience and theoretical knowledge, the CELTA course will equip you with the tools you need to excel in the classroom. ITTT is a globally recognized leader in providing high-quality TEFL and TESOL training. With over 25 years of experience in the industry, we have helped thousands of teachers achieve their goals and advance their careers. Our expert trainers are dedicated to providing personalized support and guidance...  [Read more]

Are you passionate about teaching and ready to take the next step in your career? Look no further than the part-time CELTA course in Limerick offered by ITTT (International TEFL and TESOL Training). This comprehensive and internationally recognized program is designed to provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to excel in the field of English language teaching. The CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is one of the most prestigious qualifications for English language teachers worldwide. By enrolling in a part-time CELTA course in Limerick, you will have the opportunity to: - Gain hands-on teaching experience: The CELTA course includes practical teaching sessions where you will have the chance to apply the theory you learn in a real classroom...  [Read more]

Are you looking to take your teaching career to the next level? The part-time CELTA course in India offered by ITTT (International TEFL and TESOL Training) could be the perfect opportunity for you. With a globally recognized qualification like the CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), you can open doors to exciting job opportunities both in India and around the world. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know about the part-time CELTA course in India, including its benefits, curriculum, eligibility requirements, and how to enroll. Whether you are a seasoned educator looking to enhance your skills or a fresh graduate eager to kickstart your teaching career, the CELTA course can provide you with the tools and knowledge you...  [Read more]

Unlock Your Teaching Potential with a Part-time CELTA Course in Ireland Embark on a rewarding journey towards becoming a certified English language teacher with a part-time CELTA course in Ireland. Designed for those with busy schedules or other commitments, this flexible program allows you to pursue your passion for teaching while maintaining your current lifestyle. Whether you are looking to start a new career or enhance your existing skills, the CELTA qualification is internationally recognized and highly respected in the field of English language teaching. 1. **Why Choose a Part-time CELTA Course?** 2. **Benefits of Studying in Ireland** 3. **Overview of the CELTA Course** 4. **How to Apply** A part-time CELTA course offers the perfect balance between learning and other...  [Read more]

Are you looking to further your career prospects through part-time study options that offer flexibility and convenience? At ITTT (International TEFL and TESOL Training), we understand the importance of balancing work, family, and personal commitments while pursuing your professional development goals. That's why we offer a range of part-time study programs designed to fit your schedule and lifestyle. Whether you're interested in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) or teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL), our flexible study options can help you achieve your academic and career aspirations without disrupting your daily routine. With ITTT, you can enjoy the benefits of part-time study without compromising on the quality of your education. Our accredited TEFL and...  [Read more]

Are you looking to embark on an exciting journey of teaching English as a foreign language in the beautiful city of Paris? International TEFL and TESOL Training (ITTT) offers a part-time teaching certification program that will equip you with the necessary skills and knowledge to become a successful English teacher. With our comprehensive curriculum and experienced instructors, you will gain the confidence and expertise needed to excel in the field of TEFL/TESOL. When it comes to pursuing a teaching certification program, it is essential to choose a reputable and accredited institution like ITTT. With over 25 years of experience in the field of TEFL/TESOL training, ITTT is a globally recognized leader in providing high-quality education to aspiring English teachers. Our part-time...  [Read more]